Enactive hermeneutics and smart medical technologies
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Enactive hermeneutics and smart medical technologies. / Friis, Jan Kyrre Berg.
I: A I & Society, Bind 38, 2023, s. 2141–2149.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Enactive hermeneutics and smart medical technologies
AU - Friis, Jan Kyrre Berg
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - This work considers targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) of treatment effects on absolute risk and survival probabilities in classical time-to-event settings characterized by right-censoring and competing risks. TMLE is a general methodology combining flexible ensemble learning and semiparametric efficiency theory in a two-step procedure for substitution estimation of causal parameters. We specialize and extend the continuous-time TMLE methods for competing risks settings, proposing a targeting algorithm that iteratively updates cause-specific hazards to solve the efficient influence curve equation for the target parameter. As part of the work, we further detail and implement the recently proposed highly adaptive lasso estimator for continuous-time conditional hazards with L1-penalized Poisson regression. The resulting estimation procedure benefits from relying solely on very mild nonparametric restrictions on the statistical model, thus providing a novel tool for machine-learning-based semiparametric causal inference for continuous-time time-to-event data. We apply the methods to a publicly available dataset on follicular cell lymphoma where subjects are followed over time until disease relapse or death without relapse. The data display important time-varying effects that can be captured by the highly adaptive lasso. In our simulations that are designed to imitate the data, we compare our methods to a similar approach based on random survival forests and to the discrete-time TMLE.
AB - This work considers targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) of treatment effects on absolute risk and survival probabilities in classical time-to-event settings characterized by right-censoring and competing risks. TMLE is a general methodology combining flexible ensemble learning and semiparametric efficiency theory in a two-step procedure for substitution estimation of causal parameters. We specialize and extend the continuous-time TMLE methods for competing risks settings, proposing a targeting algorithm that iteratively updates cause-specific hazards to solve the efficient influence curve equation for the target parameter. As part of the work, we further detail and implement the recently proposed highly adaptive lasso estimator for continuous-time conditional hazards with L1-penalized Poisson regression. The resulting estimation procedure benefits from relying solely on very mild nonparametric restrictions on the statistical model, thus providing a novel tool for machine-learning-based semiparametric causal inference for continuous-time time-to-event data. We apply the methods to a publicly available dataset on follicular cell lymphoma where subjects are followed over time until disease relapse or death without relapse. The data display important time-varying effects that can be captured by the highly adaptive lasso. In our simulations that are designed to imitate the data, we compare our methods to a similar approach based on random survival forests and to the discrete-time TMLE.
U2 - 10.1007/s00146-020-00944-w
DO - 10.1007/s00146-020-00944-w
M3 - Journal article
VL - 38
SP - 2141
EP - 2149
JO - AI and Society
JF - AI and Society
SN - 0951-5666
ER -
ID: 236612370