Workplace discrimination as risk factor for long-term sickness absence: Longitudinal analyses of onset and changes in workplace adversity
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Workplace discrimination as risk factor for long-term sickness absence : Longitudinal analyses of onset and changes in workplace adversity. / Clark, Alice; Stenholm, Sari; Pentti, Jaana; Salo, Paula; Lange, Theis; Torok, Eszter; Xu, Tianwei; Fabricius, Jesper; Oksanen, Tuula; Kivimaki, Mika; Vahtera, Jussi; Rod, Naja Hulvej.
I: PLoS ONE, Bind 16, Nr. 8, 0255697, 2021.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Workplace discrimination as risk factor for long-term sickness absence
T2 - Longitudinal analyses of onset and changes in workplace adversity
AU - Clark, Alice
AU - Stenholm, Sari
AU - Pentti, Jaana
AU - Salo, Paula
AU - Lange, Theis
AU - Torok, Eszter
AU - Xu, Tianwei
AU - Fabricius, Jesper
AU - Oksanen, Tuula
AU - Kivimaki, Mika
AU - Vahtera, Jussi
AU - Rod, Naja Hulvej
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Workplace discrimination may affect the health of the exposed employees, but it is not known whether workplace discrimination is also associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of changes in and onset of workplace discrimination with the risk of long-term sickness absence. Data on workplace discrimination were obtained from 29,597 employees participating in survey waves 2004, 2006, 2008 and/or 2010 of the Finnish Public Sector Study. Four-year changes in long-term sickness absence (>= 10 days of medically certified absence with a mental or non-mental diagnosis) were assessed. This covered successive study waves in analyses of onset of workplace discrimination as well as fixed effect analyses of change in workplace discrimination (concurrent i.e. during the exposure year and 1-year lagged i.e. within one year following exposure), by using each employee as his/her own control. The risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders was greater for employees with vs. without onset of workplace discrimination throughout the 4-year period, reaching a peak at the year when the onset of discrimination was reported (adjusted risk ratio 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-2.52). The fixed effects analyses showed that workplace discrimination was associated with higher odds of concurrent, but not 1-year lagged, long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.61; 95% CI 1.33-1.96 and adjusted odds ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.83-1.25, respectively). Long-term sickness absence due to non-mental conditions was not associated with workplace discrimination. In conclusion, these findings suggest that workplace discrimination is associated with an elevated risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders. Supporting an acute effect, the excess risk was confined to the year when workplace discrimination occurred.
AB - Workplace discrimination may affect the health of the exposed employees, but it is not known whether workplace discrimination is also associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of changes in and onset of workplace discrimination with the risk of long-term sickness absence. Data on workplace discrimination were obtained from 29,597 employees participating in survey waves 2004, 2006, 2008 and/or 2010 of the Finnish Public Sector Study. Four-year changes in long-term sickness absence (>= 10 days of medically certified absence with a mental or non-mental diagnosis) were assessed. This covered successive study waves in analyses of onset of workplace discrimination as well as fixed effect analyses of change in workplace discrimination (concurrent i.e. during the exposure year and 1-year lagged i.e. within one year following exposure), by using each employee as his/her own control. The risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders was greater for employees with vs. without onset of workplace discrimination throughout the 4-year period, reaching a peak at the year when the onset of discrimination was reported (adjusted risk ratio 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-2.52). The fixed effects analyses showed that workplace discrimination was associated with higher odds of concurrent, but not 1-year lagged, long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.61; 95% CI 1.33-1.96 and adjusted odds ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.83-1.25, respectively). Long-term sickness absence due to non-mental conditions was not associated with workplace discrimination. In conclusion, these findings suggest that workplace discrimination is associated with an elevated risk of long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders. Supporting an acute effect, the excess risk was confined to the year when workplace discrimination occurred.
KW - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW - PERCEIVED AGE-DISCRIMINATION
KW - PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK FACTORS
KW - TRAIT ANXIETY
KW - HEALTH
KW - METAANALYSIS
KW - ASSOCIATIONS
KW - ABSENTEEISM
KW - SCALE
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0255697
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0255697
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34351965
VL - 16
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 8
M1 - 0255697
ER -
ID: 279779166