TY - JOUR

T1 - Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen

T2 - Associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics

AU - Svastisalee, Chalida Mae

AU - Jensen, Helene Nordahl

AU - Glumer, Charlotte

AU - Holstein, Bjørn Evald

AU - Powell, Lisa

AU - Due, Pernille

PY - 2011/4/19

Y1 - 2011/4/19

N2 - Objective: To investigate whether exposure to fast-food outlets and supermarkets is socio-economically patterned in the city of Copenhagen.Design: The study was based on a cross-sectional multivariate approach toexamine the association between the number of fast-food outlets and supermarkets and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v. indicators of socio-economic status (percentage of recent immigrants, percentage without a high-school diploma, percentage of the population under 35 years of age and average household income in Euros) was performed using negative binomial analysis.Setting: Copenhagen, Denmark.Subjects: The unit of analysis was neighbourhood (n 400).Results: In the fully adjusted models, income was not a significant predictor forsupermarket exposure. However, neighbourhoods with low and mid-low incomewere associated with significantly fewer fast-food outlets. Using backwise deletionfrom the fully adjusted models, low income remained significantly associatedwith fast-food outlet exposure (rate ratio 0.66–0.80) in the final model.Conclusions: In the city of Copenhagen, there was no evidence of spatial patterning of supermarkets by income. However, we detected a trend in the exposure to fast-food outlets, such that neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile had fewer fast-food outlets than higher-income neighbourhoods. These findings have similarities with studies conducted in the UK, but not in the USA. The results suggest there may be socio-economic factors other than income associated with food exposure in Europe.

AB - Objective: To investigate whether exposure to fast-food outlets and supermarkets is socio-economically patterned in the city of Copenhagen.Design: The study was based on a cross-sectional multivariate approach toexamine the association between the number of fast-food outlets and supermarkets and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v. indicators of socio-economic status (percentage of recent immigrants, percentage without a high-school diploma, percentage of the population under 35 years of age and average household income in Euros) was performed using negative binomial analysis.Setting: Copenhagen, Denmark.Subjects: The unit of analysis was neighbourhood (n 400).Results: In the fully adjusted models, income was not a significant predictor forsupermarket exposure. However, neighbourhoods with low and mid-low incomewere associated with significantly fewer fast-food outlets. Using backwise deletionfrom the fully adjusted models, low income remained significantly associatedwith fast-food outlet exposure (rate ratio 0.66–0.80) in the final model.Conclusions: In the city of Copenhagen, there was no evidence of spatial patterning of supermarkets by income. However, we detected a trend in the exposure to fast-food outlets, such that neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile had fewer fast-food outlets than higher-income neighbourhoods. These findings have similarities with studies conducted in the UK, but not in the USA. The results suggest there may be socio-economic factors other than income associated with food exposure in Europe.

U2 - DOI:10.1017/S1368980011000759

DO - DOI:10.1017/S1368980011000759

M3 - Journal article

VL - 14

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Public Health Nutrition

JF - Public Health Nutrition

SN - 1368-9800

IS - 9

ER -