Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intakes and associations with sociodemographic factors in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort
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Methods: In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort, sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from participants at enrolment (1993–1997). Source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intakes were calculated using comprehensive food composition databases, with tap water nitrate intakes estimated via the national drinking water quality monitoring database linked with participants’ residential addresses from 1978 to 2016. Underlying dietary patterns were examined using radar plots comparing high to low consumers while sociodemographic predictors of source-dependent nitrate intakes were investigated using linear regression models.
Results: In a Danish cohort of 55,754 participants aged 50–65 at enrolment, the median [IQR] intakes of dietary nitrate and nitrite were 58.13 [44.27–74.90] mg/d and 1.79 [1.43–2.21] mg/d, respectively. Plant-based foods accounted for ~76% of nitrate intake, animal-based foods ~10%, and water ~5%. Nitrite intake was sourced roughly equally from plants and animals. Higher plant-sourced nitrate intake was associated with healthier lifestyles, better dietary patterns, more physical activity, higher education, lower age and lower BMI. Females and participants who had never smoked also had significantly higher plant-sourced nitrate intakes. Higher water-sourced nitrate intake was linked to sociodemographic risk factors (smoking, obesity, lower education). Patterns for animal-sourced nitrate were less clear.
Conclusion: Participants with higher plant-sourced nitrate intakes tend to be healthier while participants with higher water-sourced nitrate intakes tended to be unhealthier than their low consuming counterparts. Future research in this cohort should account for the sociodemographic and dietary predictors of source-specific nitrate intake we have identified.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 1326991 |
Tidsskrift | Frontiers in Nutrition |
Vol/bind | 11 |
Antal sider | 12 |
ISSN | 2296-861X |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the World Cancer Research Fund (IIG_FULL_2020_020) and Independent Research Fund Denmark (1030-00307B). The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort is supported by the Danish Cancer Society. This work is supported by the Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund, an initiative of the Western Australian State Government. The salary of CB is supported by a Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation ‘Lawrie Beilin’ Career Advancement Fellowship (ID: CAF 127/2020) and the Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 Erichsen, Pokharel, Kyrø, Schullehner, Zhong, Bondonno, Dalgaard, Fjeldstad Hendriksen, Sigsgaard, Hodgson, Olsen, Tjønneland and Bondonno.
ID: 386718446