Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer
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Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer. / Pickwell, Kirsty; Siersma, Volkert; Kars, Marleen; Apelqvist, Jan; Bakker, Karel; Edmonds, Michael; Holstein, Per; Jirkovska, Alexandra; Jude, Edward; Mauricio, Didac; Piaggesi, Alberto; Ragnarson Tennvall, Gunnel; Reike, Heinrich; Spraul, Maximillian; Uccioli, Luigi; Urbancic, Vilma; van Acker, Kristien; van Baal, Jeff; Schaper, Nicolaas.
In: Diabetes Care, Vol. 38, No. 5, 05.2015, p. 852-857.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer
AU - Pickwell, Kirsty
AU - Siersma, Volkert
AU - Kars, Marleen
AU - Apelqvist, Jan
AU - Bakker, Karel
AU - Edmonds, Michael
AU - Holstein, Per
AU - Jirkovska, Alexandra
AU - Jude, Edward
AU - Mauricio, Didac
AU - Piaggesi, Alberto
AU - Ragnarson Tennvall, Gunnel
AU - Reike, Heinrich
AU - Spraul, Maximillian
AU - Uccioli, Luigi
AU - Urbancic, Vilma
AU - van Acker, Kristien
AU - van Baal, Jeff
AU - Schaper, Nicolaas
PY - 2015/5
Y1 - 2015/5
N2 - OBJECTIVE Infection commonly complicates diabetic foot ulcers and is associated with a poor outcome. In a cohort of individuals with an infected diabetic foot ulcer, we aimed to determine independent predictors of lower-extremity amputation and the predictive value for amputation of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) classification system and to develop a risk score for predicting amputation.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively studied 575 patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer presenting to 1 of 14 diabetic foot clinics in 10 European countries.RESULTS Among these patients, 159 (28%) underwent an amputation. Independent risk factors for amputation were as follows: periwound edema, foul smell, (non)purulent exudate, deep ulcer, positive probe-to-bone test, pretibial edema, fever, and elevated C-reactive protein. Increasing IWGDF severity of infection also independently predicted amputation. We developed a risk score for any amputation and for amputations excluding the lesser toes (including the variables sex, pain on palpation, periwound edema, ulcer size, ulcer depth, and peripheral arterial disease) that predicted amputation better than the IWGDF system (area under the ROC curves 0.80, 0.78, and 0.67, respectively).CONCLUSIONS For individuals with an infected diabetic foot ulcer, we identified independent predictors of amputation, validated the prognostic value of the IWGDF classification system, and developed a new risk score for amputation that can be readily used in daily clinical practice. Our risk score may have better prognostic accuracy than the IWGDF system, the only currently available system, but our findings need to be validated in other cohorts.
AB - OBJECTIVE Infection commonly complicates diabetic foot ulcers and is associated with a poor outcome. In a cohort of individuals with an infected diabetic foot ulcer, we aimed to determine independent predictors of lower-extremity amputation and the predictive value for amputation of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) classification system and to develop a risk score for predicting amputation.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively studied 575 patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer presenting to 1 of 14 diabetic foot clinics in 10 European countries.RESULTS Among these patients, 159 (28%) underwent an amputation. Independent risk factors for amputation were as follows: periwound edema, foul smell, (non)purulent exudate, deep ulcer, positive probe-to-bone test, pretibial edema, fever, and elevated C-reactive protein. Increasing IWGDF severity of infection also independently predicted amputation. We developed a risk score for any amputation and for amputations excluding the lesser toes (including the variables sex, pain on palpation, periwound edema, ulcer size, ulcer depth, and peripheral arterial disease) that predicted amputation better than the IWGDF system (area under the ROC curves 0.80, 0.78, and 0.67, respectively).CONCLUSIONS For individuals with an infected diabetic foot ulcer, we identified independent predictors of amputation, validated the prognostic value of the IWGDF classification system, and developed a new risk score for amputation that can be readily used in daily clinical practice. Our risk score may have better prognostic accuracy than the IWGDF system, the only currently available system, but our findings need to be validated in other cohorts.
KW - PATIENT
KW - Patients
KW - semrap-2015-1
U2 - 10.2337/dc14-1598
DO - 10.2337/dc14-1598
M3 - Journal article
VL - 38
SP - 852
EP - 857
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
SN - 0149-5992
IS - 5
ER -
ID: 141093596