The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe*

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt

  • Winfried Neuhaus
  • Birgit Reininger-Gutmann
  • Beate Rinner
  • Roberto Plasenzotti
  • Doris Wilflingseder
  • Joery De Kock
  • Tamara Vanhaecke
  • Vera Rogiers
  • Dagmar Jírová
  • Kristina Kejlová
  • Rasmus Normann Nielsen
  • Burkhard Kleuser
  • Vivian Kral
  • Christa Thöne-Reineke
  • Thomas Hartung
  • Giorgia Pallocca
  • Costanza Rovida
  • Marcel Leist
  • Stefan Hippenstiel
  • Annemarie Lang
  • Ida Retter
  • Stephanie Krämer
  • Peter Jedlicka
  • Katharina Ameli
  • Ellen Fritsche
  • Julia Tigges
  • Eliška Kuchovská
  • Manuela Buettner
  • Andre Bleich
  • Nadine Baumgart
  • Jan Baumgart
  • Marcus W. Meinhardt
  • Rainer Spanagel
  • Sabine Chourbaji
  • Bettina Kränzlin
  • Bettina Seeger
  • Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
  • José M. Sánchez-Morgado
  • Viola Galligioni
  • Daniel Ruiz-Pérez
  • Dania Movia
  • Adriele Prina-Mello
  • Arti Ahluwalia
  • Valeria Chiono
  • Arno C. Gutleb
  • Marthe Schmit
  • Bea van Golen
  • Leane van Weereld
  • Anne Kienhuis
  • Erica van Oort
  • Jan van der Valk
  • Adrian Smith
  • Joanna Roszak
  • Maciej Stępnik
  • Zuzanna Sobańska
  • Edyta Reszka
  • I. Anna S. Olsson
  • Nuno Henrique Franco
  • Bogdan Sevastre
  • Helena Kandarova
  • Sara Capdevila
  • Jessica Johansson
  • Emma Svensk
  • Christopher R. Cederroth
  • Jenny Sandström
  • Ian Ragan
  • Nataliia Bubalo
  • Jens Kurreck
  • Horst Spielmann
The adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. ATLA’s 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of Directive 2010/63/EU ‘on the ground’ in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftAlternatives to Laboratory Animals
Vol/bind50
Udgave nummer6
Sider (fra-til)381-413
Antal sider33
ISSN0261-1929
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by: the project CERST (Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing) of the Ministry for Culture and Science of the State of North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany (file number 233-1.08.03.03-121972/131–1.08.03.03–121972) to Ellen Fritsche; the ERDF/ESF project ‘International competitiveness of NIPH in research, development and education in alternative toxicological methods’ (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000860) to Dagmar Jírová and Kristina Kejlová; and the MWK-funded 3R Center Rhine-Neckar (FKZ: 33-7533.-6-1522/9/43) to Marcus W. Meinhardt, Rainer Spanagel, Sabine Chourbaji and Bettina Kränzlin. The IC-3Rs at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) is supported by the Chair Mireille Aerens for the development of alternative methods and by the Dept. ‘Leefmilieu’ of the Brussels Region under Minister Bernard Clerfayt (SUB/2021/VUB/Bruxelles IC-3Rs) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 952404 (TWINALT). This project was partially supported by the Einstein foundation Berlin (EC3R EZ-2020-597-2) to Christa Thöne-Reineke, Jens Kurreck and Stefan Hippenstiel and by Charité 3R to Stefan Hippenstiel, Annemarie Lang, and Ida Retter. In addition, this project was supported by CEFIC, the DK-EPA (MST-667-00205), the Land-BW (NAM-ACCEPT) and funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No 964537 (RISK-HUNT3R), No. 964518 (ToxFree) and No. 825759 (ENDpoiNTs), and Horizon Europe under grant agreement No. 101057014 (PARC) to Marcel Leist and Giorgia Pallocca from the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research. Moreover, the article is based upon work from COST Action 3Rs concepts to improve the quality of biomedical science (IMPROVE), CA21139 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), www.cost.eu .

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.

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