TY - JOUR

T1 - Number of Traumatic brain injuries and temporal associations with depression

T2 - A register-based cohort study

AU - Eliasen, Marie Holm

AU - Petersen, Janne

AU - Benros, Michael Eriksen

AU - Osler, Merete

N1 - This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the number of TBIs and temporal associations with the subsequent risk of depression in the population.METHODS: National register-based cohort study on all individuals registered with TBI (ICD-10: S06, ICD-8: 85.0-85.5) from 1977 to 2015 in Denmark (n=494,216) and a sex- and age-matched reference population (n=499,505). The associations with the number of TBIs and time to depression (0-6, 7-12 and more than 12 months following TBI) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.RESULTS: During a follow-up of mean 14.5 (SD 11.3) years, a total of 27,873 (5.6%) individuals who had at least one TBI and 15,195 (3.0%) in the reference population were diagnosed with a depression. First-time TBI was associated with a higher risk of depression in both men (HR=1.73 (95% CI:1.67-1.79)) and women (HR=1.66 (95% CI:1.61-1.70)) after multiple adjustments for educational status and comorbidities including previous depression, and the association became stronger in a dose-response association with the number of TBIs (test for trend p<0.01). The HRs for depression were highest the first 6 month after the TBI in both men (HR=5.69 (95% CI:4.66-6.94)) and women (HR=4.55 (95% CI:3.93-5.26)) and decreased gradually the following year but remained elevated from one year after TBI until end of follow-up independent of the number of TBIs (p<0.01). The associations did not vary with age or calender time.CONCLUSION: TBI is associated with a higher risk of depression, especially in the first months after TBI and the risk increases with the number of TBIs.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the number of TBIs and temporal associations with the subsequent risk of depression in the population.METHODS: National register-based cohort study on all individuals registered with TBI (ICD-10: S06, ICD-8: 85.0-85.5) from 1977 to 2015 in Denmark (n=494,216) and a sex- and age-matched reference population (n=499,505). The associations with the number of TBIs and time to depression (0-6, 7-12 and more than 12 months following TBI) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.RESULTS: During a follow-up of mean 14.5 (SD 11.3) years, a total of 27,873 (5.6%) individuals who had at least one TBI and 15,195 (3.0%) in the reference population were diagnosed with a depression. First-time TBI was associated with a higher risk of depression in both men (HR=1.73 (95% CI:1.67-1.79)) and women (HR=1.66 (95% CI:1.61-1.70)) after multiple adjustments for educational status and comorbidities including previous depression, and the association became stronger in a dose-response association with the number of TBIs (test for trend p<0.01). The HRs for depression were highest the first 6 month after the TBI in both men (HR=5.69 (95% CI:4.66-6.94)) and women (HR=4.55 (95% CI:3.93-5.26)) and decreased gradually the following year but remained elevated from one year after TBI until end of follow-up independent of the number of TBIs (p<0.01). The associations did not vary with age or calender time.CONCLUSION: TBI is associated with a higher risk of depression, especially in the first months after TBI and the risk increases with the number of TBIs.

U2 - 10.1111/acps.13347

DO - 10.1111/acps.13347

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34231201

VL - 144

SP - 407

EP - 414

JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

JF - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

SN - 0001-690X

IS - 4

ER -