TY - CHAP

T1 - Investigating Outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium Using Case-Control Studies, with a Reference to the One Health Approach

AU - Kuhn, Katrin Gaardbo

AU - Ethelberg, Steen

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - An outbreak is defined as the occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy within a particular area and a given time. Foodborne outbreaks caused by gastrointestinal bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium are among the most commonly reported and most extensively investigated. The classic outbreak investigation follows a series of well-defined steps which lead to a faster confirmation of the source and hopefully preventing of further cases. These steps are ideally undertaken using a One Health cross-sectorial collaboration approach involving partners from public health, food safety, and the veterinary and environmental sectors. In order to firmly identify the source of the outbreak, descriptive epidemiology is often combined with more robust evidence from analytical epidemiology such as a case-control study. A case-control study assesses whether a specific exposure is associated with illness, firstly by identifying cases (persons known to have been ill) and controls (persons who have not been ill, used as a reference group), and then retrospectively through interviews determining specific exposures for all persons. This information ultimately leads to the calculation of an odds ratio (see Note 3) which indicates the strength of the association between specific exposures and the outcome (illness or no illness). A well-conducted case-control study may substantiate or form core evidence as to the vehicle of a foodborne outbreak and is often a very important investigation tool, particularly in situations where microbiological proof cannot be obtained.

AB - An outbreak is defined as the occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy within a particular area and a given time. Foodborne outbreaks caused by gastrointestinal bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium are among the most commonly reported and most extensively investigated. The classic outbreak investigation follows a series of well-defined steps which lead to a faster confirmation of the source and hopefully preventing of further cases. These steps are ideally undertaken using a One Health cross-sectorial collaboration approach involving partners from public health, food safety, and the veterinary and environmental sectors. In order to firmly identify the source of the outbreak, descriptive epidemiology is often combined with more robust evidence from analytical epidemiology such as a case-control study. A case-control study assesses whether a specific exposure is associated with illness, firstly by identifying cases (persons known to have been ill) and controls (persons who have not been ill, used as a reference group), and then retrospectively through interviews determining specific exposures for all persons. This information ultimately leads to the calculation of an odds ratio (see Note 3) which indicates the strength of the association between specific exposures and the outcome (illness or no illness). A well-conducted case-control study may substantiate or form core evidence as to the vehicle of a foodborne outbreak and is often a very important investigation tool, particularly in situations where microbiological proof cannot be obtained.

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Disease Outbreaks

KW - Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology

KW - Humans

KW - One Health

KW - Public Health/methods

KW - Retrospective Studies

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Salmonella Infections/epidemiology

KW - Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity

U2 - 10.1007/978-1-0716-0791-6_3

DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-0791-6_3

M3 - Book chapter

C2 - 32894483

SN - 978-1-0716-0790-9

SN - 978-1-0716-0793-0

VL - 2182

T3 - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

SP - 17

EP - 32

BT - Salmonelle

A2 - null, Heide Schatten

PB - Humana Press

ER -