Maternal intake of folate and folic acid during pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys: A population-based cohort study
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Maternal intake of folate and folic acid during pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys : A population-based cohort study. / Gaml-Sørensen, Anne; Brix, Nis; Lunddorf, Lea Lykke Harrits; Ernst, Andreas; Høyer, Birgit Bjerre; Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi; Granström, Charlotta; Toft, Gunnar; Henriksen, Tine Brink; Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst.
I: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Bind 37, Nr. 7, 2023, s. 618-629.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal intake of folate and folic acid during pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys
T2 - A population-based cohort study
AU - Gaml-Sørensen, Anne
AU - Brix, Nis
AU - Lunddorf, Lea Lykke Harrits
AU - Ernst, Andreas
AU - Høyer, Birgit Bjerre
AU - Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi
AU - Granström, Charlotta
AU - Toft, Gunnar
AU - Henriksen, Tine Brink
AU - Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Folate is essential for normal foetal development as it plays an important role for gene expression during different periods of foetal development. Thus, prenatal exposure to folate may have a programming effect on pubertal timing. Objectives: To study the association between maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys. Methods: We studied 6585 girls and 6326 boys from a Danish population-based Puberty Cohort, 2000–2021. Information on maternal intake of folate from diet and folic acid from supplements was obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy, and total folate was calculated as dietary folate equivalents. Information on age at menarche in girls, age at first ejaculation and voice break in boys, and Tanner stages, acne and axillary hair in both girls and boys was obtained every 6 months throughout puberty. We estimated mean monthly differences according to exposure groups for each pubertal milestone in addition to a combined estimate for the average age at attaining all pubertal milestones using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Total folate was analysed in quintiles, continuous and as restricted cubic splines. Results: Maternal intake of total folate in mid-pregnancy was not associated with pubertal timing in girls (combined estimate for overall pubertal timing per standard deviation (SD 325 μg/day) decrease in maternal intake of total folate: −0.14 months (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.51, 0.22)). Boys had slightly later overall pubertal timing per standard deviation (SD 325 μg/day) decrease in maternal intake of total folate (combined estimate: 0.40 months, 95% CI 0.01, 0.72). Spline plots supported these findings. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to low maternal intake of total folate in mid-pregnancy was not associated with pubertal timing in girls but associated with slightly later pubertal timing in boys. This minor delay is likely not of clinical importance.
AB - Background: Folate is essential for normal foetal development as it plays an important role for gene expression during different periods of foetal development. Thus, prenatal exposure to folate may have a programming effect on pubertal timing. Objectives: To study the association between maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and pubertal timing in girls and boys. Methods: We studied 6585 girls and 6326 boys from a Danish population-based Puberty Cohort, 2000–2021. Information on maternal intake of folate from diet and folic acid from supplements was obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy, and total folate was calculated as dietary folate equivalents. Information on age at menarche in girls, age at first ejaculation and voice break in boys, and Tanner stages, acne and axillary hair in both girls and boys was obtained every 6 months throughout puberty. We estimated mean monthly differences according to exposure groups for each pubertal milestone in addition to a combined estimate for the average age at attaining all pubertal milestones using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Total folate was analysed in quintiles, continuous and as restricted cubic splines. Results: Maternal intake of total folate in mid-pregnancy was not associated with pubertal timing in girls (combined estimate for overall pubertal timing per standard deviation (SD 325 μg/day) decrease in maternal intake of total folate: −0.14 months (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.51, 0.22)). Boys had slightly later overall pubertal timing per standard deviation (SD 325 μg/day) decrease in maternal intake of total folate (combined estimate: 0.40 months, 95% CI 0.01, 0.72). Spline plots supported these findings. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to low maternal intake of total folate in mid-pregnancy was not associated with pubertal timing in girls but associated with slightly later pubertal timing in boys. This minor delay is likely not of clinical importance.
KW - folate
KW - folic acid
KW - micronutrients
KW - pregnancy exposure
KW - prenatal exposure
KW - reproductive development
U2 - 10.1111/ppe.12981
DO - 10.1111/ppe.12981
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37132131
AN - SCOPUS:85158107783
VL - 37
SP - 618
EP - 629
JO - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
JF - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
SN - 0269-5022
IS - 7
ER -
ID: 355551697