Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age: A Danish cohort study
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Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age : A Danish cohort study. / Kirkegaard, Helene; Møller, Søren; Wu, Chunsen; Häggström, Jonas; Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi; Olsen, Jørn; Nohr, Ellen Aagaard.
I: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bind 112, Nr. 1, 2020, s. 96-105.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age
T2 - A Danish cohort study
AU - Kirkegaard, Helene
AU - Møller, Søren
AU - Wu, Chunsen
AU - Häggström, Jonas
AU - Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi
AU - Olsen, Jørn
AU - Nohr, Ellen Aagaard
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © The Author(s) 2020.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: The correlates of prenatal and postnatal growth on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood in term-born children living in high-income countries are not well known. Objectives: We examined how birth size and growth in infancy and childhood were associated with IQ at age 5 y in term-born children using path analysis. Methods: The study sample comprised 1719 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a substudy in which psychologists assessed IQ using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. Measured weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, 5 mo, 12 mo, and 5 y were included in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ. All growth measures were included in the model as sex- and age-standardized z-scores. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the association was direct. Weight gain in infancy was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 5 to 12 mo, IQ increased by 1.53 (95% CI: 0.14; 2.92) points] whereas weight gain from 12 mo to 5 y was not associated with IQ. Height and head circumference growth in childhood was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 12 mo to 5 y, IQ increased by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.17; 1.79) and 2.09 (95% CI: 0.78; 3.41) points, respectively]. Conclusions: In children born at term in an affluent country with free access to health care, higher IQ was seen with greater size at birth and greater weight gain in infancy. Also, greater growth in height and head circumference throughout the first 5 y of life was associated with higher childhood IQ whereas greater weight gain after the first year of life was not.
AB - Background: The correlates of prenatal and postnatal growth on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood in term-born children living in high-income countries are not well known. Objectives: We examined how birth size and growth in infancy and childhood were associated with IQ at age 5 y in term-born children using path analysis. Methods: The study sample comprised 1719 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a substudy in which psychologists assessed IQ using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. Measured weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, 5 mo, 12 mo, and 5 y were included in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ. All growth measures were included in the model as sex- and age-standardized z-scores. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the association was direct. Weight gain in infancy was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 5 to 12 mo, IQ increased by 1.53 (95% CI: 0.14; 2.92) points] whereas weight gain from 12 mo to 5 y was not associated with IQ. Height and head circumference growth in childhood was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 12 mo to 5 y, IQ increased by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.17; 1.79) and 2.09 (95% CI: 0.78; 3.41) points, respectively]. Conclusions: In children born at term in an affluent country with free access to health care, higher IQ was seen with greater size at birth and greater weight gain in infancy. Also, greater growth in height and head circumference throughout the first 5 y of life was associated with higher childhood IQ whereas greater weight gain after the first year of life was not.
KW - childhood
KW - growth
KW - infancy
KW - intelligence quotient
KW - path analyses
KW - prenatal
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa051
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa051
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32232408
AN - SCOPUS:85087409232
VL - 112
SP - 96
EP - 105
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
SN - 0002-9165
IS - 1
ER -
ID: 291114660