Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide!

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Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012 : pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide! / Jørs, Erik; Christoffersen, Mette; Veirum, Nikoline Høgsgaard; Aquilar, Guido Condarco; Morant, Rafael Cervantes; Konradsen, Flemming.

I: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, Bind 26, Nr. 3, 2014, s. 361-367.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelfagfællebedømt

Harvard

Jørs, E, Christoffersen, M, Veirum, NH, Aquilar, GC, Morant, RC & Konradsen, F 2014, 'Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide!', International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, bind 26, nr. 3, s. 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

APA

Jørs, E., Christoffersen, M., Veirum, N. H., Aquilar, G. C., Morant, R. C., & Konradsen, F. (2014). Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide! International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 26(3), 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

Vancouver

Jørs E, Christoffersen M, Veirum NH, Aquilar GC, Morant RC, Konradsen F. Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide! International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2014;26(3):361-367. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

Author

Jørs, Erik ; Christoffersen, Mette ; Veirum, Nikoline Høgsgaard ; Aquilar, Guido Condarco ; Morant, Rafael Cervantes ; Konradsen, Flemming. / Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012 : pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide!. I: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2014 ; Bind 26, Nr. 3. s. 361-367.

Bibtex

@article{36d5f6faa9ff45f69fb42e6ea5c4f138,
title = "Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide!",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts and suicides constitute a significant burden on communities and health systems, especially in low income countries. However, many low income countries lack epidemiological information on which to base future preventive strategies. This study reports on gender and age profiles as well as the likely background and means used for suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia.METHOD: This study presents 1124 cases from four different sources of information: (i) emergency ward data with suicide attempts by poisoning from the year 2007, (ii) psychiatric ward data including suicide attempts from July 2011 to July 2012, (iii) newspaper articles reporting attempted suicides and suicides from 2009 to 2011, and (iv) the National Statistics on Crime reporting suicides from the years 2010-2011. Data on age was stratified into three age groups: adolescents aged 10-19 years, young adults aged 20-29 years, and older adults aged above 29 years. Data from the hospital wards and Crime Statistics were pooled to compare characteristics of suicide attempts with suicides concerning age and gender. Data on age, gender, methods used, and reasons were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.RESULTS: Hospital data showed that more females (403/657, 61%) than males (254/657, 39%) attempted suicide, and females attempted suicide at a younger age than males (p<0.05). In contrast to this, more males (208/293, 70.5%) than females (85/293, 29.5%) committed suicide, and furthermore it was most prevalent among young adults aged 20-29 years of both genders, as observed from the Crime Statistics. The dominant method was pesticide poisoning varying from 400 out of 657 (70.5%) of the hospital poisoning cases to 65 out of 172 (37.8%) of the newspaper cases. Newspaper data showed a higher mortality rate (65/77, 85.1%) among those using violent methods such as hanging and jumping compared to non-violent methods (43/84, 50.9%) such as ingesting chemicals and drugs (p<0.05). The reasons were related to interpersonal problems, economic problems, depression, and unwanted pregnancies. Many cases of suicide seemed to be hidden due to cultural and religious reasons.CONCLUSION: More females attempted suicide, whereas more males realized suicide. Suicide attempts were most numerous among adolescents in contrast to suicides being most prevalent in the older age groups. Self-poisoning with pesticides was the most popular method used. Access to potential suicide materials should be restricted and psychosocial interventions initiated to prevent suicides.",
keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Bolivia, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Pesticides, Poisoning, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Unwanted, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult",
author = "Erik J{\o}rs and Mette Christoffersen and Veirum, {Nikoline H{\o}gsgaard} and Aquilar, {Guido Condarco} and Morant, {Rafael Cervantes} and Flemming Konradsen",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309",
language = "English",
volume = "26",
pages = "361--367",
journal = "International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health",
issn = "0334-0139",
publisher = "Walterde Gruyter GmbH",
number = "3",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012

T2 - pesticides are the preferred method - females try but males commit suicide!

AU - Jørs, Erik

AU - Christoffersen, Mette

AU - Veirum, Nikoline Høgsgaard

AU - Aquilar, Guido Condarco

AU - Morant, Rafael Cervantes

AU - Konradsen, Flemming

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts and suicides constitute a significant burden on communities and health systems, especially in low income countries. However, many low income countries lack epidemiological information on which to base future preventive strategies. This study reports on gender and age profiles as well as the likely background and means used for suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia.METHOD: This study presents 1124 cases from four different sources of information: (i) emergency ward data with suicide attempts by poisoning from the year 2007, (ii) psychiatric ward data including suicide attempts from July 2011 to July 2012, (iii) newspaper articles reporting attempted suicides and suicides from 2009 to 2011, and (iv) the National Statistics on Crime reporting suicides from the years 2010-2011. Data on age was stratified into three age groups: adolescents aged 10-19 years, young adults aged 20-29 years, and older adults aged above 29 years. Data from the hospital wards and Crime Statistics were pooled to compare characteristics of suicide attempts with suicides concerning age and gender. Data on age, gender, methods used, and reasons were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.RESULTS: Hospital data showed that more females (403/657, 61%) than males (254/657, 39%) attempted suicide, and females attempted suicide at a younger age than males (p<0.05). In contrast to this, more males (208/293, 70.5%) than females (85/293, 29.5%) committed suicide, and furthermore it was most prevalent among young adults aged 20-29 years of both genders, as observed from the Crime Statistics. The dominant method was pesticide poisoning varying from 400 out of 657 (70.5%) of the hospital poisoning cases to 65 out of 172 (37.8%) of the newspaper cases. Newspaper data showed a higher mortality rate (65/77, 85.1%) among those using violent methods such as hanging and jumping compared to non-violent methods (43/84, 50.9%) such as ingesting chemicals and drugs (p<0.05). The reasons were related to interpersonal problems, economic problems, depression, and unwanted pregnancies. Many cases of suicide seemed to be hidden due to cultural and religious reasons.CONCLUSION: More females attempted suicide, whereas more males realized suicide. Suicide attempts were most numerous among adolescents in contrast to suicides being most prevalent in the older age groups. Self-poisoning with pesticides was the most popular method used. Access to potential suicide materials should be restricted and psychosocial interventions initiated to prevent suicides.

AB - BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts and suicides constitute a significant burden on communities and health systems, especially in low income countries. However, many low income countries lack epidemiological information on which to base future preventive strategies. This study reports on gender and age profiles as well as the likely background and means used for suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia.METHOD: This study presents 1124 cases from four different sources of information: (i) emergency ward data with suicide attempts by poisoning from the year 2007, (ii) psychiatric ward data including suicide attempts from July 2011 to July 2012, (iii) newspaper articles reporting attempted suicides and suicides from 2009 to 2011, and (iv) the National Statistics on Crime reporting suicides from the years 2010-2011. Data on age was stratified into three age groups: adolescents aged 10-19 years, young adults aged 20-29 years, and older adults aged above 29 years. Data from the hospital wards and Crime Statistics were pooled to compare characteristics of suicide attempts with suicides concerning age and gender. Data on age, gender, methods used, and reasons were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.RESULTS: Hospital data showed that more females (403/657, 61%) than males (254/657, 39%) attempted suicide, and females attempted suicide at a younger age than males (p<0.05). In contrast to this, more males (208/293, 70.5%) than females (85/293, 29.5%) committed suicide, and furthermore it was most prevalent among young adults aged 20-29 years of both genders, as observed from the Crime Statistics. The dominant method was pesticide poisoning varying from 400 out of 657 (70.5%) of the hospital poisoning cases to 65 out of 172 (37.8%) of the newspaper cases. Newspaper data showed a higher mortality rate (65/77, 85.1%) among those using violent methods such as hanging and jumping compared to non-violent methods (43/84, 50.9%) such as ingesting chemicals and drugs (p<0.05). The reasons were related to interpersonal problems, economic problems, depression, and unwanted pregnancies. Many cases of suicide seemed to be hidden due to cultural and religious reasons.CONCLUSION: More females attempted suicide, whereas more males realized suicide. Suicide attempts were most numerous among adolescents in contrast to suicides being most prevalent in the older age groups. Self-poisoning with pesticides was the most popular method used. Access to potential suicide materials should be restricted and psychosocial interventions initiated to prevent suicides.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Age Factors

KW - Bolivia

KW - Child

KW - Depression

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Interpersonal Relations

KW - Male

KW - Pesticides

KW - Poisoning

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Pregnancy, Unwanted

KW - Sex Factors

KW - Socioeconomic Factors

KW - Suicide, Attempted

KW - Wounds and Injuries

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

DO - 10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24114895

VL - 26

SP - 361

EP - 367

JO - International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

JF - International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

SN - 0334-0139

IS - 3

ER -

ID: 157042996