Epidemiological studies have found long-term exposure to road traffic noise to increase the risk for cardiovascular disorders. Also, ambient air pollution which correlates with road traffic noise has been associated with cardiovascular disorders, but only few inconsistent studies include both exposures. In a population-based cohort of 57 053 people aged 50 to 64 years at enrolment in 1993-1997, we identified 1881 cases of first-ever stroke and 1600 cases of first-ever myocardial infarction between enrolment and 2006. Exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution from 1988 to 2006 was estimated for all cohort members from residential address history. Associations between exposure to road traffic noise and event (stroke and myocardial infarction) were analysed in a Cox regression model with adjustment for air pollution (NOx) and other potential confounders. We found an incidence rate ratio (IRR) for stroke of 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.25) and for myocardial infarction of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02-1.22) per 10 dB higher level of road traffic noise (Lden). For stroke, there was a statistically significant interaction with age with a strong association among cases over 64.5 years (IRR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13-1.43) and no association for those under 64.5 years.